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Let's think of electricity as a water pipe to understand the relationship between voltage, current and charge.
TERM | DEFINITION | ANALOGY |
Current | A flow of electricity.1 Measured in amps (A). |
Water in the pipe |
Voltage | The force of an electrical current.2 Measured in volts (V). |
Water pressure |
Charge | An amount of electricity.3 Measured in coulombs (Q) or microcoulombs (uC). 1Q = 1A x 1 sec |
Quantity of water that has flowed through the pipe |
1 Merriam-Webster
2 Merriam-Webster
3 Merriam-Webster
The water pipe analogy is widely used in the industry, including by the National Institute of Justice.
MODEL2 | ADVERTISED VOLTAGE | ACTUAL PEAK VOLTAGE |
AIR TASERTM | 50,000 V | 50,000 V |
O-mega SS | 120,000 V | 16,400 V |
Nova Spirit | 20,000 V | 24,900 V |
STN-160 | 160,000 V | 28,700 V |
SK Thunder Power | 120,000 V | 25,000 V |
SK Thunder 945SP | 65,000 V | 23,000 V |
SK Sigma-7 Model C | 45,000 V | 20,700 V |
Super Thunder | 75,000 V | 19,600 V |
Z-Force-Ultra | 150,000 V | 25,200 V |
Z-Force III | 100,000 V | 29,700 V |
Z-Force I | 80,000 V | 20,400 V |
STG-1 | 50-100,000 V | 11,000 V |
Peak voltage describes the highest/greatest voltage in a series of pulses.
"1 µC is 'reasonable for the hand of a male subject using small electrodes,'" explained Rassettica. This threshold is consistent with results published in the Testimony of J. Patrick Reilly of John Hopkins Institute of Applied Physics to Brainwood Commission.
The National Institute of Justice has also confirmed that "subjects reported pain on average at 0.5 microcoulombs, and intolerable pain at 1.0 microcoulombs."
Read the entire 'A Simple Field Test Procedure for Stun Guns' document from Rassettica Testing Limited (May 2016).
SABRE STUN GUN | PRODUCT SKU | MICROCOULOMBS (µC) |
SABRE Maximum Strength Stun Gun with LED Flashlight (Industry's Highest Pain-Inducing Stun Gun) |
S-2000SF | 1.820 |
SABRE Dual Capacitor Stun Gun with LED Flashlight | S-1005 | 1.600 |
SABRE Ergonomic Stun Gun with Stop Strap | S-1008 | 1.480 |
SABRE Slim Stun Gun with LED Flashlight | S-1001 | 1.170 |
SABRE Tactical Stun Gun with LED Flashlight | S-1000SF | 1.139 |
SABRE STUN GUN | PRODUCT SKU | MICROCOULOMBS (µC) |
SABRE Concealable Stun Gun with LED Flashlight | S-1006 | 0.845 |
SABRE Short Stun Gun with LED Flashlight | S-1007 | 0.704 |
Ruger Tactical Stun Gun with LED Flashlight | RU-S-J-185 | 0.515 |